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Exam 2: History of Management

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Question 51

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The goal of scientific management was to:

A) make sure workers did not consider their work boring or repetitive
B) decreased wages for individual workers
C) eliminate conflict between workers and management
D) find the one best way to perform each task
E) find different ways to motivate workers

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Question 52

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_{89. According to , the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations} That managers are facing at a particular time and place.

A) scientific management
B) the human relations approach
C) administrative management
D) the contingency approach
E) bureaucratic management

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Question 53

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Discuss Mary Parker Follett's methods of dealing with conflict. What did she say about the value of each method?

Which of the following statements about the origins of management is true?

A systems view of management allows managers to .

Which of the following management theorists used his own personal experiences as a CEO to create his theory of management?

According to Weber, a bureaucracy .

Mary Parker Follett believed that managers could best deal with conflict through compromise.

Which of the following statements about the beginnings of management is true?

Who is responsible for the fact that most products are manufactured using standardized, interchangeable parts.

International Steel Group (ISG) As the day shift supervisor at the steel plant, you summon the six college students who are working for you this summer doing whatever you need done (sweeping up, sandblasting the inside of boilers that are down for maintenance, running errands, etc.) . You walk them across the plant to a field where the company stores scrap metal "leftovers." The area, about the size of a football field, is stacked with organized piles of metal. You explain that everything they see has just been sold. Metal prices, which have been depressed, have finally risen enough that the company can earn a small profit by selling its scrap. You point out that railroad tracks divide the field into parallel sectors, like the lines on a football field, so that each stack of metal is no more than 15 feet from a track. Each stack contains 390 pieces of metal. Each piece weighs 92 pounds and is about a yard long and just over 4 inches high and 4 inches wide. You tell the students that, working as a team, they are to pick up each piece, walk up a ramp to a railroad car positioned next to each stack, and then neatly position and stack the metal for shipment. That's right, you repeat, 92 pounds, walk up the ramp, and carry the metal onto the rail car. Anticipating their questions, you explain that a forklift could be used only if the metal was stored on wooden pallets (it isn't) , if the pallets could withstand the weight of the metal (they would be crushed) , and if you, as their supervisor, had forklifts and people trained to run them (you don't) . In other words, the only way to get the metal into the rail cars is for the students to carry it. Based on an old report from the last time the company sold some of the metal, you know that over an eight-hour shift workers typically loaded about 30 to 31 pieces of metal parts per hour. At that pace, though, it will take your six students six weeks to load all of the metal, and the purchasing manager who sold it says it must be shipped in two weeks. So, without more workers (there's a hiring freeze) and without forklifts, all of the metal has to be loaded by hand by these six workers in two weeks. -Refer to ISG. What advice should the shift supervisor at the steel plant in charge of the six college students take from the teachings of Frederick Taylor?

Which management theorist would most likely have said, "The greatest waste in the world comes from needless, ill­ directed, and ineffective motions"?

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the systems approach to management?

The Hawthorne Studies proved that financial incentives were not necessarily the most important motivator for workers.

In a departure from mainstream management thinking, Mary Parker Follett believed ____.

Nearly all organizations that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival are viewed as .

For most of humankind's history, people have commuted to and from their place of work.

Frederick Taylor was the father of systems management.

International Steel Group (ISG) As the day shift supervisor at the steel plant, you summon the six college students who are working for you this summer doing whatever you need done (sweeping up, sandblasting the inside of boilers that are down for maintenance, running errands, etc.) . You walk them across the plant to a field where the company stores scrap metal "leftovers." The area, about the size of a football field, is stacked with organized piles of metal. You explain that everything they see has just been sold. Metal prices, which have been depressed, have finally risen enough that the company can earn a small profit by selling its scrap. You point out that railroad tracks divide the field into parallel sectors, like the lines on a football field, so that each stack of metal is no more than 15 feet from a track. Each stack contains 390 pieces of metal. Each piece weighs 92 pounds and is about a yard long and just over 4 inches high and 4 inches wide. You tell the students that, working as a team, they are to pick up each piece, walk up a ramp to a railroad car positioned next to each stack, and then neatly position and stack the metal for shipment. That's right, you repeat, 92 pounds, walk up the ramp, and carry the metal onto the rail car. Anticipating their questions, you explain that a forklift could be used only if the metal was stored on wooden pallets (it isn't) , if the pallets could withstand the weight of the metal (they would be crushed) , and if you, as their supervisor, had forklifts and people trained to run them (you don't) . In other words, the only way to get the metal into the rail cars is for the students to carry it. Based on an old report from the last time the company sold some of the metal, you know that over an eight-hour shift workers typically loaded about 30 to 31 pieces of metal parts per hour. At that pace, though, it will take your six students six weeks to load all of the metal, and the purchasing manager who sold it says it must be shipped in two weeks. So, without more workers (there's a hiring freeze) and without forklifts, all of the metal has to be loaded by hand by these six workers in two weeks. -Refer to ISG. The shift supervisor needs to motivate the students to work much, much harder than they have been all summer, and they've gotten used to the leisurely pace and job assignments. One of the stated beliefs of Was that it was management's responsibility to pay workers fairly for their work, "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work."

According to Chester Barnard, which of the following is an example of an organization?