Question 1

Keratinase has the greatest effect on the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory system
B)   gastrointestinal system
C)   urinary system
D)   genital system
E)   skinF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

The infectious doses for various bacterial infections are listed in the table below. Which of these bacteria would likely have the greatest virulence?

Bacterium  Infectious Dose (ID)   Mycobacterium tuberculosis 10 Neisseria gonorrhoeae 1,000 Vibrio cholerae 1,000,000,000 Salmonella enterica 10,000\begin{array} { | | l | | l | | } \hline  { 	ext { Bacterium } } &{ 	ext { Infectious Dose (ID)  } } \\hline \hline 	ext { Mycobacterium tuberculosis } & 10 \\hline \hline 	ext { Neisseria gonorrhoeae } & 1,000 \\hline \hline 	ext { Vibrio cholerae } & 1,000,000,000 \\hline \hline 	ext { Salmonella enterica } & 10,000 \\hline \hline\end{array} Bacterium  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  Neisseria gonorrhoeae  Vibrio cholerae  Salmonella enterica ​ Infectious Dose (ID)  101,0001,000,000,00010,000​​

Accepted Answer

A)   Vibrio cholerae
B)   Neisseria gonorrhoeae
C)   Salmonella enterica
D)   Mycobacterium tuberculosis E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

An endotoxin is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   secreted by pathogenic organisms
B)   indicative of gram-negative bacterial infection
C)   secreted by gram-positive organisms
D)   indicative of fungal infections
E)   indicative of viral infectionsF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   epidemic
B)   endemic
C)   pandemic
D)   sporadic
E)   chronicF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

Which genus is the most common resident biota of mouth surfaces?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lactobacillus
B)   Streptococcus
C)   Haemophilus
D)   Escherichia
E)   MycobacteriumF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following is not true of the preliminary ﬁndings by the HMP thus far?

Accepted Answer

A)   The number of bacterial genes outnumber human genes by millions in the holobiont
B)   There are many more sterile sites in the human than were previously assumed
C)   Microbial antagonism prevents potential pathogens in the resident biota from causing disease
D)   Viruses have played an important role in guiding the evolution of both humans and their resident ﬂoraE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

An infectious agent already existing on or in the body is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   exogenous
B)   an exotoxin
C)   an enterotoxin
D)   endogenous
E)   axenicF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following is not true regarding healthcare-associated infections?

Accepted Answer

A)   These infections are only transmitted by medical personnel.
B)   These infections often involve the patient's urinary tract and surgical incisions.
C)   The patient's resident biota can be the infectious agent.
D)   Escherichia coli and staphylococci are common infectious agents.
E)   Medical and surgical asepsis help lower their occurrence.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

The principal government agency responsible for tracking infectious diseases in the United States is the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
B)   World Health Organization
C)   National Institutes of Health
D)   United States Department of Agriculture
E)   Infection Control CommitteeF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   exogenous
B)   an exotoxin
C)   an enterotoxin
D)   endogenous
E)   axenicF) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 11

The skin's resident biota are localized to only the outermost superﬁcial layer of the epidermis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Under certain circumstances, a person's resident biota can act as opportunistic pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in one particular county in Texas is 7/1000 people, while the incidence rate for 2011 is 2/1000 people. Analyze this data and summarize the situation.

Accepted Answer

A)   The data were collected incorrectly because the two values should match.
B)   Incidence rate should really be higher than prevalence rate because it includes all new cases for the year.
C)   Prevalence rate is higher than incidence rate because the number of people still alive with tuberculosis is higher because of better treatments.
D)   Prevalence rate and incidence rate cannot be determined for the same disease.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Virulence refers to the degree of pathogenicity manifested by a microbe, not simply whether or not it causes disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Reservoirs include ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   humans
B)   animals
C)   soil
D)   water
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Hyaluronidase is a virulence factor in ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   amoebic dysentery
B)   ringworm
C)   clostridia
D)   cold virus
E)   diphtheriaF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

The virulence factors of a pathogen are determined by how strong or weak a patient's body defenses are at the time of infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The minimum number of microbes required for infection to proceed is termed a/an ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   virulence factor
B)   indigenous biota
C)   infectious dose
D)   endotoxin
E)   minimal doseF) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 19

Virulence factors include all of the following except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   capsules
B)   ribosome
C)   exoenzymes
D)   endotoxin
E)   exotoxinF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   fomite
B)   carrier
C)   vector
D)   reservoir
E)   sourceF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Exam 13: Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Hyaluronidase is a virulence factor in ______.

Correct Answer
verified

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which genus is the most common resident biota of mouth surfaces?

Correct Answer
verified

Keratinase has the greatest effect on the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

An endotoxin is ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The principal government agency responsible for tracking infectious diseases in the United States is the _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Virulence factors include all of the following except ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Virulence refers to the degree of pathogenicity manifested by a microbe, not simply whether or not it causes disease.

Correct Answer
verified

The skin's resident biota are localized to only the outermost superﬁcial layer of the epidermis.

Correct Answer
verified

Under certain circumstances, a person's resident biota can act as opportunistic pathogens.

Correct Answer
verified

An infectious agent already existing on or in the body is called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true of the preliminary ﬁndings by the HMP thus far?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true regarding healthcare-associated infections?

Correct Answer
verified

The virulence factors of a pathogen are determined by how strong or weak a patient's body defenses are at the time of infection.

Correct Answer
verified

The minimum number of microbes required for infection to proceed is termed a/an ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Reservoirs include ______.

Correct Answer
verified

A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is referred to as ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in one particular county in Texas is 7/1000 people, while the incidence rate for 2011 is 2/1000 people. Analyze this data and summarize the situation.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Hyaluronidase is a virulence factor in ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which genus is the most common resident biota of mouth surfaces?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Keratinase has the greatest effect on the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An endotoxin is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principal government agency responsible for tracking infectious diseases in the United States is the _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Virulence factors include all of the following except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Virulence refers to the degree of pathogenicity manifested by a microbe, not simply whether or not it causes disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The skin's resident biota are localized to only the outermost superﬁcial layer of the epidermis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under certain circumstances, a person's resident biota can act as opportunistic pathogens.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An infectious agent already existing on or in the body is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of the preliminary ﬁndings by the HMP thus far?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true regarding healthcare-associated infections?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The virulence factors of a pathogen are determined by how strong or weak a patient's body defenses are at the time of infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The minimum number of microbes required for infection to proceed is termed a/an ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reservoirs include ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is referred to as ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in one particular county in Texas is 7/1000 people, while the incidence rate for 2011 is 2/1000 people. Analyze this data and summarize the situation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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