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"The fourth grade plunge" is apparent when ___________.


A) students become overly influenced by peers
B) students have the most difficulty resolving peer conflicts
C) students begin to be overly-concerned with appearance
D) students begin to be identified with significant academic deficits

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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D

The four periods theorized by Piaget are:  _________________, ________________, _____________, and _______________.

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sensorimotor, preope...

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Risk factors have been identified in the following areas EXCEPT:


A) individual: high expectations for self, high IQ, being female
B) family: youth whose parents are incarcerated, separation/poor family bonding
C) school:  negative labeling by teachers, dropping out of school, truancy
D) peers: peer rejection and deviant peers

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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A

Guidance counselors, teachers, or law enforcement officers agree that the greatest problem they face when it comes to juvenile crime are ____________.

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Most youth with conduct disorders should be treated as:


A) mentally ill
B) delinquent
C) unintelligent
D) mentally disabled

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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In healthy families, communication is _____________  and  ______________.

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Force and violence toward children, including physical punishment, has been characterized as _________________.

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Discuss the three developmental pathways to delinquency to include the behaviors associated with each.

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*Authority Conflict Path - stubbornness,...

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Within the Radial Concept of influences on growth and development the following is considered the first and most vital influence:


A) family
B) friends
C) schools
D) community

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A

In healthy families, the following are true EXCEPT:


A) self-esteem is high
B) communication is direct and honest
C) rules are flexible and reasonable
D) member's attitudes of the outside world are tentative and optimistic

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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An element linking aggressive or disruptive behavior and peer rejection is a child's degree of self control.

A) True
B) False

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Schools begin identifying significant academic deficits and failures among students in ______________ grade.

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Patterns of conflict resolution can be attributed to the formative years when children learn about:


A) pre-reading issues
B) listening issues
C) sharing issues
D) visualization issues

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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The most significant individual risk factor for predicting later delinquency is early ________________.

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A condition, characteristic or variable that increases the likelihood that a child will become delinquent is known as a _______________.

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The development of social cognition was based on the theory of cognitive development by:


A) Freud
B) Sutherland
C) Piaget
D) Kohlberg

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Labeling a youth as a psychopath does NOT:


A) reduce the youth's likelihood of receiving treatment
B) increase the chance of youth being transferred to the criminal system
C) require parents to admit the youth to a mental health facility
D) increase the chance of youth being treated as an adult in the criminal system

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Force and violence towards children, including physical punishment, has been characterized as:


A) behavioral inhibition
B) parental efficacy
C) adult supremacy
D) deterrence

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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In many American families, the traditional bonds of discipline and respect between parent and child have loosened considerably if not unraveled completely.

A) True
B) False

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Kohlberg's studies conclude that:


A) morality is intrinsic
B) the process of moral development is primarily concerned with justice
C) memories are critical to moral development
D) educational systems are the building blocks of morality

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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