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Age-related loss of muscle mass may be influenced by all of these except:


A) an increase in the relative proportion of connective tissue to number of muscle fibers.
B) decrease in the level of testosterone.
C) degeneration of muscle fibers because of accumulation of calcium in the sarcoplasm.
D) exhaustion of the supply of muscle satellite cells.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Of the surrounding connective tissues of the muscle, the endomysium is the most superficial.

A) True
B) False

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Most muscles that are involved in maintaining posture contain high percentages of ________ fibers.

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Muscle tissue can be characterized as being excitable and elastic, but not extensible.

A) True
B) False

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With intense resistance training,


A) fast glycolytic fibers can convert to fast oxidative fibers.
B) fast oxidative fibers can convert to fast glycolytic fibers.
C) slow oxidative fibers can convert to fast glycolytic fibers.
D) slow oxidative fibers can convert to fast oxidative fibers.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The biceps and the deltoid muscle are of this type.


A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

D) None of the above
E) B) and C)

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Which statement about muscle attachments is False?


A) An insertion can be at either attachment point of a muscle, depending on body position and the movement being performed.
B) At least one joint is present between an origin and insertion.
C) Insertions are usually distal to the origin.
D) Upon contraction, the origin is pulled toward the insertion.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Which type of muscle fiber has no myofibrils?


A) skeletal
B) smooth
C) cardiac
D) red

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Fusion of embryonic ________ cells from the mesoderm creates multinucleated skeletal muscle fibers.

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Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers wrapped together within perimysium.

A) True
B) False

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What causes a strain or muscle pull?


A) a tear in a muscle
B) a tear in a tendon
C) pain in a muscle due to any muscle disorder
D) a sudden involuntary spasm of a muscle

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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An aponeurosis is


A) a large muscle.
B) a nerve to a muscle.
C) clinical pain in a muscle.
D) a sheet of dense connective tissue.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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   Figure 10.1 Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. -Identify the letter that indicates the muscle fiber. A)  A B)  B C)  C D)  D E)  E Figure 10.1 Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. -Identify the letter that indicates the muscle fiber.


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Myofascial pain syndrome is best described as a condition in which


A) microscopic tears in muscle fibers result in swelling and inflammation.
B) muscle fibers degenerate because of chronic leakage of extracellular calcium.
C) muscle fibers contract when the skin superficial to them is stroked.
D) pain occurs in at least 11 of 18 standardized points across the body.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The Z disks, sometimes referred to as Z lines, define each sarcomere at both ends.

A) True
B) False

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A common characteristic of the three types of muscle tissue is that


A) they all have striations.
B) contraction is triggered by the release of calcium.
C) they all contain sarcomeres.
D) they can all use aerobic and anaerobic methods to utilize energy.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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List the arrangement of muscle fibers in a muscle and their connective tissue fibers.

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Each muscle fiber is covered b...

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A cell of this type of muscle is striated and can be uninucleated or binucleated.


A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle

D) A) and B)
E) B) and C)

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Typically, each skeletal muscle is supplied by one ________ and one ________.

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Describe the differences in the mixture of fiber types that are present in the calf muscles of a sprinter compared to those of a long-distance runner. Explain the anatomical basis for the differences between these fiber types.

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A sprinter might have a higher proportio...

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