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A nurse researcher is designing a study on objective analysis of vital sign monitoring before,during,and after trauma care in the emergency department.To analyze trends in this process,which types of measurements could the nurse consider incorporating?


A) Available data (records of vital signs)
B) Paper-and-pencil scales
C) Questionnaires
D) Physiological instruments readouts
E) Interviews

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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A nurse researcher is working with students experiencing test anxiety.The nurse has the students take a test while she watches through a two-way mirror.What does this approach incorporate?


A) Observation
B) Interviewing
C) Reactivity
D) Structured interviewing
E) Concealment

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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What is the nurse researcher's primary concern in data collection for research?


A) Flexibility in data collection
B) Consistency in data collection
C) Accurate interpretation of data collected
D) Averaging of numerical scores to reduce the effect of outliers

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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The training of data collectors to adhere strictly to a standard protocol for a research project will affect the ultimate outcome of the study by doing what?


A) Reducing risks to human participants
B) Reducing cost of data collection
C) Increasing consistency in data collection
D) Increasing risk of introducing researcher bias into the study

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following factors or issues are most important in deciding on a method of data collection for a specific research study?


A) The number of hypotheses or research questions and the experience of the investigator
B) The nature of the research question and the specific population to be studied
C) The cost of the instrument and the amount of research effort involved
D) The number of co-investigators on the study and the educational preparation of the primary investigator

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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What is accurate about physiological,or biological,measures of data?


A) They involve the use of specialized equipment.
B) Data-collection error is reduced with their use.
C) They can be used for both qualitative and quantitative studies.
D) Instruments that measure physiological phenomena represent the "gold standard" and eliminate the need to verify instrument reliability and validity.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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What are the steps involved in instrument development?


A) Clarify the target population
B) Define concept to be measured
C) Develop items
D) Estimate reliability and validity
E) Statistically analyze individual items
F) Develop implications from the item analysis

G) A) and D)
H) D) and F)

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What advantage is shared by both interview and questionnaire data-collection methods?


A) Both seek to understand the attitudes, beliefs, and feelings of participants.
B) Both are analyzed by statistical methods.
C) Both require extensive researcher training.
D) Both are paper-and-pencil tests.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which data-collection method can be assessed by asking,"Is there clear indication that the participants understood the task and the questions?"


A) Questionnaires
B) Interviews
C) Physiological measurement
D) Records and databases

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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A nurse researcher would choose physiological data-collection methods for which reason?


A) Cost and participant acceptance
B) Reduced duration of data collection
C) Objectivity and sensitivity
D) No need for interrater reliability determination

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which data-collection method can be assessed by asking,"Are the majority of the items appropriately close-ended or open-ended?"


A) Questionnaires
B) Interviews
C) Physiological measurement
D) Records and databases

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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What is the most appropriate method of data collection the researcher can use to gather information from 1,000 people?


A) Field notes
B) Structured interview
C) Unstructured interview
D) Survey

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which data-collection method can be assessed by asking,"Is there evidence that participants were able to answer the questions?"


A) Questionnaires
B) Interviews
C) Physiological measurement
D) Records and databases

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following methods of data collection has the lowest refusal rate?


A) Closed-ended questionnaire
B) Open-ended questionnaire
C) Physiological measurement
D) Interview

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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During a research project,the researcher notes that the participant completes each assigned task with a much higher level of performance than he normally exhibits.How should a nurse researcher most accurately describe this change in the participant's behaviour?


A) Reactivity
B) Instability
C) Therapeutic
D) Interventionist

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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