Question 1

Anton Mesmer, an early 18th century physician, purported to be affecting cures in patients by unblocking their flow of a bodily fluid he called "animal magnetism." In fact, any effectiveness of his methods was actually due to

Accepted Answer

A)  undetectable magnetic fields.
B)  chemically induced humoral balance.
C)  mental telepathy.
D)  the power of suggestion.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

You are listening to old musical tunes, including "My Melancholy Baby." Your friends are impressed when you tell them that "melancholic," referring to a depressive personality, derives from a Greek word meaning

Accepted Answer

A)  blood.
B)  phlegm.
C)  yellow bile.
D)  black bile.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

According to psychoanalytic theory, the conflicts between the id and the superego often lead to feelings of

Accepted Answer

A)  anxiety.
B)  desire.
C)  depression.
D)  anger.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Defense mechanisms are used to reinforce desired behaviors in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which well-known behavioral scientist was the author of The Behavior of Organisms (1938) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  John Watson
B)  Ivan Pavlov
C)  B.F. Skinner
D)  Edward L. ThorndikeE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

In the 1990s, the idea that no one influence occurs in isolation has led to the ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on the biological approach in psychology.
B)  growth of an integrative approach to psychology.
C)  decline of interest in the unconscious mind.
D)  a movement away from scientific methodology in psychology.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

According to psychoanalytic theory, the id operates on the "pleasure principle," which means that it

Accepted Answer

A)  pays particular attention to social rules and regulations.
B)  thinks in an unemotional, logical, and rational manner.
C)  seeks the goal of maximizing pleasure and eliminating tension or conflicts.
D)  utilizes secondary process thinking.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

The term "hysteria" derives from the Greek hysteron, which means

Accepted Answer

A)  vagina.
B)  uterus.
C)  penis.
D)  libido.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Skinner coined the term _____________ because behavior operates on the environment and changes it in some way.

Accepted Answer

A)  conjunctive conditioning
B)  objective conditioning
C)  operant conditioning
D)  reverse conditioningE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Tameka, having earned her master's degree, has begun treating disorders and concentrating on family problems. Tameka is probably a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  psychiatric social worker.
B)  family therapist.
C)  psychiatric nurse.
D)  mental health counselor.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

After the mid-1800s, moral therapy declined as a treatment for the mentally ill in the United States because

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of patients in mental institutions also declined.
B)  immigrants caused an increase in the mental hospital population.
C)  the number of people available to staff mental hospitals increased.
D)  new biologically based treatments became available.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

A psychological dysfunction refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a breakdown in cognitive functioning.
B)  a breakdown in emotional functioning.
C)  a breakdown in behavioral functioning.
D)  all of these are correctE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

The criterion that a particular behavior be atypical or not culturally expected is insufficient to define abnormality because

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior that occurs infrequently is considered abnormal in every culture.
B)  the atypical behavior must also cause harm or impairment to be considered abnormal.
C)  behaviors vary very little from one individual to another within each culture.
D)  many people behave in ways that deviate from the average, but this doesn't mean that they have a disorder.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Discuss why the following criteria taken individually are not completely satisfactory in defining abnormality, psychological dysfunction, personal distress, and "not typical or culturally expected" behavior.

Accepted Answer

Sample Answer: Psychological dysfunction...

Question 15

Jung introduced the concept of the ________________________, a wisdom stored deep in individual memories and passed down from generation to generation.

Accepted Answer

A)  collective unconscious
B)  pleasure principle
C)  psycho-sexual stages
D)  object relationsE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

In using hypnosis to treat patients with psychological disorders, Breuer and Freud discovered

Accepted Answer

A)  that it is therapeutic to recall and relive emotionally traumatic events.
B)  that patients are unable to process emotionally charged information.
C)  that hypnosis is less effective than mesmerism.
D)  the existence of conscious memories.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

According to Sigmund Freud, the Electra complex, the psychosexual conflict that occurs at the phallic stage of development in girls, is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  castration anxiety.
B)  Oedipal conflicts.
C)  penis envy.
D)  latency lust.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Mary Cover Jones thought that if fear could be conditioned, perhaps it could also be

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforced.
B)  self-actualized.
C)  unlearned or extinguished.
D)  repressed.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

All of the following are ways in which mental health professionals might function as scientist-practitioners EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  analyzing their own motivations and reasons for helping people with psychological problems.
B)  evaluating their own assessments and treatments for effectiveness.
C)  conducting research leading to new information about mental disorders and their treatments.
D)  using the most current diagnostic and treatment procedures.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

You have been asked to give a report on the mental hygiene movement and its foremost crusader, Dorothea Dix, who campaigned for more humane treatment of the insane. After mentioning all of her accomplishments, you note the unforeseen consequence of her efforts, namely,

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the number of mental patients in institutions, forcing many to close.
B)  an increase in the number of mental patients, resulting in insufficient staff to care for them.
C)  a change from custodial care to moral therapy for institutionalized patients.
D)  more patients receiving psychotherapy and fewer receiving medication.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 1: Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

Which well-known behavioral scientist was the author of The Behavior of Organisms (1938) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the conflicts between the id and the superego often lead to feelings of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Defense mechanisms are used to reinforce desired behaviors in operant conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anton Mesmer, an early 18th century physician, purported to be affecting cures in patients by unblocking their flow of a bodily fluid he called "animal magnetism." In fact, any effectiveness of his methods was actually due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After the mid-1800s, moral therapy declined as a treatment for the mentally ill in the United States because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary Cover Jones thought that if fear could be conditioned, perhaps it could also be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The criterion that a particular behavior be atypical or not culturally expected is insufficient to define abnormality because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Sigmund Freud, the Electra complex, the psychosexual conflict that occurs at the phallic stage of development in girls, is characterized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychological dysfunction refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In using hypnosis to treat patients with psychological disorders, Breuer and Freud discovered

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the id operates on the "pleasure principle," which means that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner coined the term _____________ because behavior operates on the environment and changes it in some way.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are listening to old musical tunes, including "My Melancholy Baby." Your friends are impressed when you tell them that "melancholic," referring to a depressive personality, derives from a Greek word meaning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss why the following criteria taken individually are not completely satisfactory in defining abnormality, psychological dysfunction, personal distress, and "not typical or culturally expected" behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedSample Answer: Psychological dysfunction...View AnswerShow Answer

In the 1990s, the idea that no one influence occurs in isolation has led to the ________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have been asked to give a report on the mental hygiene movement and its foremost crusader, Dorothea Dix, who campaigned for more humane treatment of the insane. After mentioning all of her accomplishments, you note the unforeseen consequence of her efforts, namely,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jung introduced the concept of the ________________________, a wisdom stored deep in individual memories and passed down from generation to generation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term "hysteria" derives from the Greek hysteron, which means

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tameka, having earned her master's degree, has begun treating disorders and concentrating on family problems. Tameka is probably a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are ways in which mental health professionals might function as scientist-practitioners EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Sample Answer: Psychological dysfunction...
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