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Which of the following would increase the price level?


A) an increase in the money supply.
B) an increase in taxes.
C) a decrease in the expected price level.
D) a decrease in the natural rate of unemployment.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The misperceptions theory of the short-run aggregate supply curve says that the quantity of output supplied will increase if the price level


A) increases by less than expected so that firms believe the relative price of their output has increased.
B) increases by less than expected so that firms believe the relative price of their output has decreased.
C) increases by more than expected so that firms believe the relative price of their output has increased.
D) increases by more than expected so that firms believe the relative price of their output has decreased.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following has been suggested as a cause of the Great Depression?


A) a decline in the money supply
B) a decrease in stock prices
C) the collapse of the banking system
D) All of the above are correct.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Suppose a fall in stock prices makes people feel poorer. The decrease in wealth would induce people to


A) decrease consumption, shown as a movement to the left along a given aggregate-demand curve.
B) increase consumption, shown as a movement to the right along a given aggregate-demand curve.
C) decrease consumption, shown by shifting the aggregate-demand curve to the left.
D) increase consumption, shown by shifting the aggregate-demand curve to the right.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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When the price level falls


A) households want to lend less.
B) the interest rate rises.
C) firms want to spend less on investment goods.
D) None of the above are correct.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Most economists believe that in the long run, changes in the money supply


A) affect nominal but not real variables. This view that money is ultimately neutral is consistent with classical theory.
B) affect nominal but not real variables. This view that money is ultimately neutral is inconsistent with classical theory.
C) affect real but not nominal variables. This view that money is ultimately neutral is consistent with classical theory.
D) affect real but not nominal variables. This view that money is ultimately neutral is inconsistent with classical theory.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?


A) Congress reduces purchases of new weapons systems.
B) The Fed buys bonds in the open market.
C) The price level falls.
D) Net exports fall.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following lists includes only changes that shift aggregate demand to the right?


A) repeal of an investment tax credit, an increase in the money supply
B) repeal of an investment tax credit, a decrease in the money supply
C) passing of an investment tax credit, an increase in the money supply
D) passing of an investment tax credit, a decrease in the money supply

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Other things the same, if the capital stock increases, then in the long run


A) both output and prices are higher.
B) output is higher and prices are lower.
C) output is lower and prices are higher.
D) both output and prices are lower.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Pessimism Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. Then because of corporate scandal, international tensions, and loss of confidence in policymakers, people become pessimistic regarding the future and retain that level of pessimism for some time. -Refer to Pessimism. In the short run what happens to the price level and real GDP?


A) Both the price level and real GDP rise.
B) Both the price level and real GDP fall.
C) The price level rises and real GDP falls.
D) The price level falls and real GDP rises.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Other things the same, if the price level rises, then domestic interest rates


A) rise, so domestic residents will want to hold more foreign bonds.
B) rise, so domestic residents will want to hold fewer foreign bonds.
C) fall, so domestic residents will want to hold more foreign bonds.
D) fall, so domestic residents will want to hold fewer foreign bonds.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Other things the same, continued technological progress and continued increases in the money supply would unambiguously lead to


A) rising prices only.
B) rising real GDP only.
C) rising prices and rising real GDP.
D) neither rising prices nor rising real GDP.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following effects helps to explain the slope of the aggregate-demand curve?


A) the exchange-rate effect
B) the wealth effect
C) the interest-rate effect
D) All of the above are correct.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following shifts aggregate demand right?


A) both a decrease in the price level and the implementation of an investment tax credit
B) a decrease in the price level but not the implementation of an investment tax credit
C) the implementation of an investment tax credit but not a decrease in the price level
D) neither a decrease in the price level nor the implementation of an investment tax credit

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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The recession of 2008-2009 was associated with a fall in housing prices which shifted aggregate demand to the left.

A) True
B) False

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Consider the exhibit below for the following questions.Figure 20-1 Consider the exhibit below for the following questions.Figure 20-1   -Refer to Figure 20-1. If the economy is in long-run equilibrium, then an adverse shift in aggregate supply would move the economy from A) A to B. B) C to D. C) B to A. D) D to C. -Refer to Figure 20-1. If the economy is in long-run equilibrium, then an adverse shift in aggregate supply would move the economy from


A) A to B.
B) C to D.
C) B to A.
D) D to C.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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When taxes increase, consumption


A) increases, so aggregate demand shifts right.
B) increases, so aggregate supply shifts right.
C) decreases, so aggregate demand shifts left.
D) decreases, so aggregate supply shifts left.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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An economic contraction caused by a shift in aggregate demand remedies itself over time as the expected price level


A) rises, shifting aggregate demand right.
B) rises, shifting aggregate demand left.
C) falls, shifting aggregate supply right.
D) falls, shifting aggregate supply left.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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If wages are sticky, then a greater than expected increase in the price level


A) raises the real costs of production, so the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts left.
B) raises the real costs of production, so the aggregate quantity of goods and services declines.
C) reduces the real costs of production, so the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts right.
D) reduces the real costs of production, so the aggregate quantity of good and services rises.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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When we say that economic fluctuations are "irregular and unpredictable," we mean that


A) the relationship between output and unemployment is erratic and difficult to characterize.
B) when one macroeconomic variable that measures income or spending is falling, other macroeconomic variables that measure income or spending are likely to be rising.
C) recessions do not occur at regular intervals.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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