Question 1

The relationship between the electrical and chemical components of  Δ\DeltaΔ p is given by the equation:

Accepted Answer

A)    Δ\DeltaΔ p =  Δ\DeltaΔΨ\varPsiΨ - (2.3RT/F)  Δ\DeltaΔ pH
B)    Δ\DeltaΔ p =  Δ\DeltaΔΨ\varPsiΨ - 60 Δ\DeltaΔ pH
C)    Δ\DeltaΔ pH = |pHo - pHi|
D)   both A and B
E)   none of the above F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

The F1Fo ATP synthase is a remarkably complex enzyme, its subunit structure highly conserved across life domains. Is it possible to use this enzyme as an antibiotic target?

Accepted Answer

Differences among prokaryotic F₁F_o ATPases...

Question 3

In seawater, sulfate is the most common anion after chloride. Which of the following is correct with respect to the use of sulfate by some bacterial groups?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oxidized sulfur-containing molecules have redox potentials lower than those of the nitrogen series.
B)   Oxidized sulfur molecules such as sulfate and sulfite serve as electron acceptors.
C)   Sulfate and sulfite can receive electrons from hydrocarbons.
D)   Sulfate-reducing archaea and bacteria are widespread in the ocean.
E)   All of the above.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D) E

Question 4

Ferroplasma acidarmanus produces large amounts of sulfuric acid through:

Accepted Answer

A)   oxidation of Cu+ with Cu(NO3) 2
B)   oxidation of FeS2 with Fe3+
C)   oxidation of Fe3O2 with Fe2+
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the aboveF) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

What is the direction of the proton current in the chloroplast F1Fo ATP synthase during ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   from stroma to cytoplasm
B)   from cytoplasm to stroma
C)   from lumen to stroma
D)   from stroma to lumen
E)   none of the aboveF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT correct about the process of methanogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   CO2 and H2O are weak electron acceptors, whereas CH4 and H2 are strong electron donors.
B)   CH4 synthesis from CO2 releases energy for growth.
C)   CH4 and water can be formed from CO2 and 4H2 from a hydrogen donor.
D)   Oxygen atoms in CO2 are reduced one at a time.
E)   Oxygen atoms in CO2 are reduced to water at the same time.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

The chemiosmotic theory states that the proton potential is composed of:

Accepted Answer

A)   [ATP] and [ADP]+[Pi]
B)   a pH gradient and Na+ gradient
C)   pH and pNa+
D)   Δ\DeltaΔ pH and  Δ\DeltaΔΨ\varPsiΨ 
E)   none of the above F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

In anaerobic soils, some yeasts and filamentous fungi can reduce nitrate to nitrite and nitrite to:

Accepted Answer

A)   ammonia (NH3) 
B)   nitric oxide (NO) 
C)   urea
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the aboveF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

What are methanotrophs? What is their role in the global carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Methanotrophs are organisms that oxidize...

Question 10

What is the chromophore group in bacteriorhodopsin?

Accepted Answer

A)   tocopherol
B)    β\betaβ -carotene
C)   folic acid
D)   retinal
E)   none of the above F) A) and D)
G) B) and C) D

Question 11

What is dissimilatory metal reduction? How is it different from assimilatory metal reduction?

Accepted Answer

Dissimilatory metal reduction is an impo...

Question 12

Which of the following enzymes is embedded in the membrane as an ETS component?

Accepted Answer

A)   pyruvate dehydrogenase
B)   2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
C)   succinate dehydrogenase
D)   aconitase
E)   none of the aboveF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

What is lithotrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)   breakdown of molecules using light energy
B)   oxidation of organic electron donors to CO2 and H2O
C)   photolysis of H2S or H2O coupled to CO2 fixation
D)   oxidation of inorganic electron donors such as Fe2+ using O2 or anaerobic electronic acceptors
E)   none of the aboveF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Neisseria species are known to use dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium. How can this reaction be used to distinguish Neisseria gonorrhoeae from other related species?

Accepted Answer

A)   N. gonorrhoeae will test negative for terminal NO reductase.
B)   N. gonorrhoeae will test positive for terminal NO reductase.
C)   All Neisseria species test negative for terminal NO reductase.
D)   None of the enzymes involved in dissimilatory reduction of nitrate are known from Neisseria.
E)   none of the above.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

What are nitrifiers? What damages and benefits may they have for human activities?

Accepted Answer

Reduced nitrogen forms, such as fertilizer-derived NH₃, support the growth of bacteria called nitrifiers. Besides ammonia, these microbes can sequentially oxidize nitrogen compounds such as hydroxylamine to nitrous and nitric acids. Acidification of the overfertilized soils, plus a decrease in reduced nitrogen (assimilable by plants), leads to degradation of environmental quality. However, nitrifiers can be used to eliminate NH₃ from sewage in treatment plants.

Question 16

In the Rhodospirillum rubrum photosystem II, bacteriochloropyll P870 can absorb weak infrared wavelengths in the __________ range.

Accepted Answer

A)   65-700
B)   750-850
C)   800-1,100
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the aboveF) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following is correct with respect to anaerobic photosystem I?

Accepted Answer

A)   It can be found in chlorobia (the green sulfur bacteria)  and chloroflexi (filamentous green bacteria) .
B)   It separates electrons associated with hydrogens from H2S, HS-, or H2.
C)   It separates electrons from Fe2+.
D)   All of the above.
E)   None of the above.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

The anammox reaction consists of __________ and, as a consequence, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   reduction of sulfate by ammonia; sulfur and nitrogen are incorporated into amino acids
B)   reduction of ammonium to form nitrite; nitrite can be absorbed by plants
C)   anaerobic ammonium oxidation by nitrite; half the biosphere's nitrogen is returned as N2 to the atmosphere
D)   reduction of ammonium by oxygen; ammonium becomes ammonia
E)   reduction of N2 to ammonium; nitrogen atoms are incorporated into amino acidsF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 19

What are facultative phototrophs? Provide an example and its possible use in biotechnology.

Accepted Answer

Microorganisms that use a combination of...

Question 20

What are the units of E°'?

Accepted Answer

A)   kJ/mol
B)   kcal/mol
C)   mV
D)   ohm
E)   faradayF) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 14: Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

The relationship between the electrical and chemical components of $\Delta$ p is given by the equation:

Correct Answer
verified

The F₁F_o ATP synthase is a remarkably complex enzyme, its subunit structure highly conserved across life domains. Is it possible to use this enzyme as an antibiotic target?

Correct Answer
verified
Differences among prokaryotic F₁F_o ATPases...
View Answer

In seawater, sulfate is the most common anion after chloride. Which of the following is correct with respect to the use of sulfate by some bacterial groups?

Correct Answer
verified
E

Ferroplasma acidarmanus produces large amounts of sulfuric acid through:

Correct Answer
verified

What is the direction of the proton current in the chloroplast F₁F_o ATP synthase during ATP synthesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT correct about the process of methanogenesis?

Correct Answer
verified

The chemiosmotic theory states that the proton potential is composed of:

Correct Answer
verified

In anaerobic soils, some yeasts and filamentous fungi can reduce nitrate to nitrite and nitrite to:

Correct Answer
verified

What are methanotrophs? What is their role in the global carbon cycle?

Correct Answer
verified
Methanotrophs are organisms that oxidize...
View Answer

What is the chromophore group in bacteriorhodopsin?

Correct Answer
verified
D

What is dissimilatory metal reduction? How is it different from assimilatory metal reduction?

Correct Answer
verified
Dissimilatory metal reduction is an impo...
View Answer

Which of the following enzymes is embedded in the membrane as an ETS component?

Correct Answer
verified

What is lithotrophy?

Correct Answer
verified

Neisseria species are known to use dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium. How can this reaction be used to distinguish Neisseria gonorrhoeae from other related species?

Correct Answer
verified

What are nitrifiers? What damages and benefits may they have for human activities?

In the Rhodospirillum rubrum photosystem II, bacteriochloropyll P870 can absorb weak infrared wavelengths in the __________ range.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is correct with respect to anaerobic photosystem I?

Correct Answer
verified

The anammox reaction consists of and, as a consequence, .

Correct Answer
verified

What are facultative phototrophs? Provide an example and its possible use in biotechnology.

Correct Answer
verified
Microorganisms that use a combination of...
View Answer

What are the units of E°'?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 14: Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

The relationship between the electrical and chemical components of Δ\DeltaΔ p is given by the equation:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The F1Fo ATP synthase is a remarkably complex enzyme, its subunit structure highly conserved across life domains. Is it possible to use this enzyme as an antibiotic target?

Correct AnswerverifiedDifferences among prokaryotic F1Fo ATPases...View AnswerShow Answer

In seawater, sulfate is the most common anion after chloride. Which of the following is correct with respect to the use of sulfate by some bacterial groups?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Ferroplasma acidarmanus produces large amounts of sulfuric acid through:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the direction of the proton current in the chloroplast F1Fo ATP synthase during ATP synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT correct about the process of methanogenesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The chemiosmotic theory states that the proton potential is composed of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In anaerobic soils, some yeasts and filamentous fungi can reduce nitrate to nitrite and nitrite to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are methanotrophs? What is their role in the global carbon cycle?

Correct AnswerverifiedMethanotrophs are organisms that oxidize...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the chromophore group in bacteriorhodopsin?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What is dissimilatory metal reduction? How is it different from assimilatory metal reduction?

Correct AnswerverifiedDissimilatory metal reduction is an impo...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following enzymes is embedded in the membrane as an ETS component?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is lithotrophy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neisseria species are known to use dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium. How can this reaction be used to distinguish Neisseria gonorrhoeae from other related species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are nitrifiers? What damages and benefits may they have for human activities?

In the Rhodospirillum rubrum photosystem II, bacteriochloropyll P870 can absorb weak infrared wavelengths in the __________ range.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is correct with respect to anaerobic photosystem I?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The anammox reaction consists of __________ and, as a consequence, __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are facultative phototrophs? Provide an example and its possible use in biotechnology.

Correct AnswerverifiedMicroorganisms that use a combination of...View AnswerShow Answer

What are the units of E°'?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relationship between the electrical and chemical components of $\Delta$ p is given by the equation:

Correct Answer
verified

The F₁F_o ATP synthase is a remarkably complex enzyme, its subunit structure highly conserved across life domains. Is it possible to use this enzyme as an antibiotic target?

Correct Answer
verified
Differences among prokaryotic F₁F_o ATPases...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
E

Correct Answer
verified

What is the direction of the proton current in the chloroplast F₁F_o ATP synthase during ATP synthesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Methanotrophs are organisms that oxidize...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified
Dissimilatory metal reduction is an impo...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The anammox reaction consists of and, as a consequence, .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Microorganisms that use a combination of...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified