Question 1

Salts in solution separate into positively and negatively charged

Accepted Answer

A)   membrane potentials.
B)   EPSPs.
C)   IPSPs.
D)   ions.
E)   crystals.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 2

About how many neuropeptides are currently classified by most experts as neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)   2
B)   4
C)   9
D)   just over 100
E)   almost 3,000F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Drugs that increase the activity of a particular neurotransmitter are said to be __________ of that neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drugs that increase the activity of a...

Question 4

Describe and explain how four ionic events contribute to the typical action potential-to help organize your answer label the four arrows in this illustration with the associated ionic event.

Accepted Answer

50% for correctly labeling the...

Question 5

The drug, __________ , is a muscarinic antagonist and pupil dilator.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The drug, __________ , is a muscarinic...

Question 6

The wave of absolute refractoriness that follows an action potential

Accepted Answer

A)   keeps the action potential from spreading actively back along an axon towards the cell body.
B)   increases the firing rate.
C)   increases the speed of axonal transmission.
D)   produces a second, negative action potential.
E)   produces saltatory conduction.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

Peptide neurotransmitters (i.e., neuropeptides)  are synthesized in the cell body and

Accepted Answer

A)   stored in the Golgi complex until they are broken down.
B)   released by the Golgi complex into the synapse.
C)   transported in vesicles along microtubules to the buttons.
D)   stored in ribosomes with small-molecule neurotransmitters.
E)   transported along the axons to the nodes of Ranvier.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Which of the following is not found in neurons that release norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)   dopamine
B)   L-DOPA
C)   norepinephrine
D)   epinephrine
E)   tyrosineF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 9

Many neurons contain and release two neurotransmitters. This situation is called

Accepted Answer

A)   covalence.
B)   ionotropism.
C)   cohabitation.
D)   metabotropism.
E)   coexistence.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 10

Metabotropic receptors are associated with signal proteins in the cell membrane of the postsynaptic neuron and with __________ that are attached to the signal protein inside the neuron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Metabotropic receptors are associated with signal proteins...

Question 11

The first event in the generation of an action potential is the opening of __________- activated sodium channels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first event in the generation of...

Question 12

Recent technological developments have led to the discovery of __________ throughout the mammalian brain; they seem to link the activities of inhibitory interneurons of the same type.

Accepted Answer

A)   neuropeptides
B)   gap junctions
C)   multipolar neurons
D)   chemical synapses
E)   G-proteinsF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Contributing to the unequal distribution of ions on either side of a resting neural membrane

Accepted Answer

A)   is random ion movement.
B)   are electrostatic gradients.
C)   are sodium-potassium pumps.
D)   both A and B
E)   both B and CF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Drugs that degrade vesicles and cause the neurotransmitter molecules to leak into the cytoplasm, where they are destroyed by enzymes, are

Accepted Answer

A)   receptor blockers.
B)   agonists of the neurotransmitter.
C)   antagonists of the neurotransmitter.
D)   autoreceptor blockers.
E)   amino acids.F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 15

A neuron normally fires when

Accepted Answer

A)   its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
B)   there is an EPSP.
C)   there is an IPSP.
D)   the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
E)   its buttons are stimulated.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 16

Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain

Accepted Answer

A)   small-molecule neurotransmitters.
B)   neuropeptides.
C)   acetylcholine.
D)   dopamine.
E)   glutamate.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Glycine, aspartate, and glutamate are

Accepted Answer

A)   amino acid neurotransmitters.
B)   small-molecule neurotransmitters.
C)   transmitters at fast-acting, directed synapses.
D)   building blocks of proteins.
E)   all of the aboveF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Outside the membranes of resting neurons, there are many more

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibitory neurotransmitters.
B)   neurotransmitters.
C)   Na+ ions.
D)   K+ ions.
E)   nuclei.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

The most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain is __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the...

Question 20

This drug is a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist; it is an extract of the belladonna plant; and it has pupil-dilating effects:

Accepted Answer

A)   atropine.
B)   curare.
C)   morphine.
D)   opium.
E)   Librium.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Exam 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission

Salts in solution separate into positively and negatively charged

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Outside the membranes of resting neurons, there are many more

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent technological developments have led to the discovery of __________ throughout the mammalian brain; they seem to link the activities of inhibitory interneurons of the same type.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The drug, __________ , is a muscarinic antagonist and pupil dilator.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe and explain how four ionic events contribute to the typical action potential-to help organize your answer label the four arrows in this illustration with the associated ionic event.

Correct Answerverified50% for correctly labeling the...View AnswerShow Answer

This drug is a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist; it is an extract of the belladonna plant; and it has pupil-dilating effects:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neuron normally fires when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many neurons contain and release two neurotransmitters. This situation is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contributing to the unequal distribution of ions on either side of a resting neural membrane

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

About how many neuropeptides are currently classified by most experts as neurotransmitters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peptide neurotransmitters (i.e., neuropeptides) are synthesized in the cell body and

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first event in the generation of an action potential is the opening of __________- activated sodium channels.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not found in neurons that release norepinephrine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metabotropic receptors are associated with signal proteins in the cell membrane of the postsynaptic neuron and with __________ that are attached to the signal protein inside the neuron.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that degrade vesicles and cause the neurotransmitter molecules to leak into the cytoplasm, where they are destroyed by enzymes, are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The wave of absolute refractoriness that follows an action potential

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glycine, aspartate, and glutamate are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that increase the activity of a particular neurotransmitter are said to be __________ of that neurotransmitter.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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