Question 1

Lactate production during muscular contraction is ascribed in part to

Accepted Answer

A)   an overproduction of acetyl-CoA not metabolized in the Krebs cycle.
B)   an underproduction of acetyl-CoA for utilization in the Krebs cycle.
C)   temporary anaerobic state in muscle.
D)   overabundance of ATP produced by metabolism through the Krebs cycle.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Which of the following is the major substrate used for energy by resting muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)   fructose
B)   nonesterified fatty acids
C)   glycerol
D)   beta-hydroxybutyrate
E)   lactateF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 3

A 25 year old, healthy male has begun a treadmill exercise program. He has set the treadmill to a fast pace and has begun to run. As his physical activity continues for several minutes his heart rate would be expected to increase and the levels of _______________ would be expected to rise significantly in his blood.

Accepted Answer

A)   aspartic acid
B)   citric acid
C)   lactic acid
D)   pyruvic acid
E)   uric acidF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

In an uncontrolled diabetic which of the following amino acids would yield both glucose and ketone bodies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alanine
B)   Tyrosine
C)   Proline
D)   Glycine
E)   LeucineF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

During exercise epinephrine and glucagon levels are elevated and insulin levels are depressed. Under these conditions, which enzyme should be activated?

Accepted Answer

A)   glycogen synthase
B)   fatty acid synthase
C)   hormone-sensitive lipase
D)   acetyl CoA carboxylase
E)   ATP-citrate lyaseF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Direct precursors of lactose are

Accepted Answer

A)   UDP-glucose and fructose.
B)   UDP-glucose and galactose.
C)   glucose 1-phosphate + galactose 6-phosphate.
D)   UDP-galactose + fructose.
E)   UDP-galactose + glucoseF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 7

The substrate normally utilized as the major source of energy by the brain is

Accepted Answer

A)   triglycerides.
B)   fatty acids.
C)   ketone bodies.
D)   amino acids.
E)   glucose.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 8

Which amino acid is most important as a non-toxic form in which ammonia is transported in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)   asparagine
B)   glutamine
C)   aspartate
D)   ornithine
E)   glutamateF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

The liver normally uses which one of the following for its own energy needs in the fed state?

Accepted Answer

A)   Free fatty acids
B)   Amino acids
C)   glucose
D)   GlycerolE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

In the metabolism of adipose triacylglycerols, insulin stimulates the activity of each of the following proteins EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   3',5'-AMP phosphodiesterase.
B)   fatty acid synthase.
C)   glucose transporter 4.
D)   hormone-sensitive lipase.
E)   lipoprotein lipase.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Which reaction does NOT occur in muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)   synthesis of glucose from alanine
B)   oxidation of beta-hydroxybutyric acid
C)   oxidation of lactic acid
D)   glycogenolysis
E)   formation of glutamine from glutamateF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

The enzyme in muscle which is most directly stimulated by epinephrine is

Accepted Answer

A)   glycogen synthase.
B)   phosphofructokinase.
C)   isocitrate dehydrogenase.
D)   glucose-6-phosphatase.
E)   adenylate cyclase.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 13

Integration of metabolism between organs occurs primarily through:

Accepted Answer

A)   Allosteric effectors
B)   Hormones
C)   Induction/repression
D)   Covalent modification
E)   Substrate supplyF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 14

Which statement about the Cori cycle is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   All of the component reactions occur in the liver.
B)   Lactate from muscle is used in the liver as a gluconeogenic substrate.
C)   Free glucose, produced from glycogen in skeletal muscle, is utilized for the synthesis of glycogen in the liver.
D)   It is the cycle in the liver by which glycogen is synthesized from and degraded to glucose 1-phosphate.
E)   All of the component reactions occur in skeletal muscle.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

The increase in blood sugar level resulting from epinephrine injection can best be explained by which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Synthesis of carbohydrate from fat
B)   Absorption of carbohydrate from the digestive tract
C)   Liver glycogenesis
D)   Liver glycogenolysis
E)   GluconeogenesisF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Long-chain fatty acids in heart

Accepted Answer

A)   are minor energy sources.
B)   are usually converted to triglycerides.
C)   are converted to ketones.
D)   are obtained by synthesis in mitochondria.
E)   provide the energy for most ATP synthesis.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

The following compounds are potential substrates (carbon sources)  for the gluconeogenic pathway EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)   glutamic acid
B)   aspartic acid
C)   oleic acid
D)   succinic acid
E)   citrateF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 18

Glycogen breakdown in which of the following tissues can be used to support blood glucose levels during periods of fasting?

Accepted Answer

A)   skeletal muscle
B)   adipose tissue
C)   liver
D)   brain
E)   spleenF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Exam 21: Metabolic Interrelationships

The liver normally uses which one of the following for its own energy needs in the fed state?

Correct Answer
verified

In the metabolism of adipose triacylglycerols, insulin stimulates the activity of each of the following proteins EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Glycogen breakdown in which of the following tissues can be used to support blood glucose levels during periods of fasting?

Correct Answer
verified

The enzyme in muscle which is most directly stimulated by epinephrine is

Correct Answer
verified

During exercise epinephrine and glucagon levels are elevated and insulin levels are depressed. Under these conditions, which enzyme should be activated?

Correct Answer
verified

Which reaction does NOT occur in muscle?

Correct Answer
verified

The increase in blood sugar level resulting from epinephrine injection can best be explained by which one of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Long-chain fatty acids in heart

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement about the Cori cycle is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

Direct precursors of lactose are

Correct Answer
verified

Integration of metabolism between organs occurs primarily through:

Correct Answer
verified

Lactate production during muscular contraction is ascribed in part to

Correct Answer
verified

The substrate normally utilized as the major source of energy by the brain is

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is the major substrate used for energy by resting muscle?

Correct Answer
verified

Which amino acid is most important as a non-toxic form in which ammonia is transported in the bloodstream?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The following compounds are potential substrates (carbon sources) for the gluconeogenic pathway EXCEPT which one?

Correct Answer
verified

In an uncontrolled diabetic which of the following amino acids would yield both glucose and ketone bodies?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 21: Metabolic Interrelationships

The liver normally uses which one of the following for its own energy needs in the fed state?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the metabolism of adipose triacylglycerols, insulin stimulates the activity of each of the following proteins EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glycogen breakdown in which of the following tissues can be used to support blood glucose levels during periods of fasting?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enzyme in muscle which is most directly stimulated by epinephrine is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During exercise epinephrine and glucagon levels are elevated and insulin levels are depressed. Under these conditions, which enzyme should be activated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which reaction does NOT occur in muscle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The increase in blood sugar level resulting from epinephrine injection can best be explained by which one of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Long-chain fatty acids in heart

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about the Cori cycle is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Direct precursors of lactose are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Integration of metabolism between organs occurs primarily through:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lactate production during muscular contraction is ascribed in part to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The substrate normally utilized as the major source of energy by the brain is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the major substrate used for energy by resting muscle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which amino acid is most important as a non-toxic form in which ammonia is transported in the bloodstream?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following compounds are potential substrates (carbon sources) for the gluconeogenic pathway EXCEPT which one?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an uncontrolled diabetic which of the following amino acids would yield both glucose and ketone bodies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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